Working of Sonar:
Piezo electric transmitter in the sonar generates short pulses of ultrasonic waves. These sound pulses travel through the water and strike the object.
The sound pulse is reflected back and it is received by the ultrasonic receiver. The time interval between transmitted and received signals is noted by a cathode ray oscilloscope CRO.
By knowing the velocity v of the sound in sea water the distance of the object ‘d’ from the surface of water is calculated using the relation.
Thus, the position of the moving object can be determined.
Applications of Sonar:
1. Sonar is used to locate shipwrecks and submarines and in the bottom of the sea
2. It is used in fish finding applications and detection of fish shoals.
3. It is used in all merchant and military ships
4. It is used for seismic survey.
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