M. Sc. Physics Regulations 2023

               PHE 6202 SOLID STATE PHYSICS                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              L T P C : 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

COB1: To introduce crystal structure, band theory and lattice vibrations

COB2: To have comprehensive idea on properties of materials

COB3: To provide a sound knowledge of macroscopic properties derived from microscopic                         considerations

COB4: To understand basics of magnetic and dielectric materials

COB5: To give an introduction to superconducting and optical materials

MODULE I CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND BONDING                                                             9

General Description of Crystal Structures – Bravais lattices- Wigner Seitz cell-Cubic Structures: NaCl, CsCl, Diamond, Zincblende - HCP structures - Miller Indices-crystal directions - zones in crystals- interplanar distance (derivation) - The Reciprocal Lattice and its construction-Quasi crystals -Force between atoms cohesive energy (derivation)- bonding in solids - binding energy of ionic crystals(derivation)-Madelung constant – Born Haber cycle.

MODULE II TRANSPORT PROPERTIES AND BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS                          9

 Free electron theory (Sommerfeld theory) – Fermi level-Fermi distribution function -electronic specific heat- electrical and thermal conductivity of metals Wiedemann Franz law (derivation)- Schroedinger wave equation- electron motion in periodic potential – Bloch’s theorem – Kronig Penney model (derivation) - band theory of solids - Brillouin zone - Effective mass of electron and concept of hole- Fermi surface in metals and its characteristics – experimental determination of Fermi surface by De Haas van Alphen effect

 MODULE III PHONONS : CRYSTAL VIBRATIONS AND THERMAL PROPERTIES           9

Vibrations of crystals with monoatomic lattice- dispersion relation (derivation) - Vibrations of crystals with diatomic lattice - dispersion relation (derivation)– optical and acoustical modes – number of normal modes of vibrations - Phonon momentum- inelastic scattering of photons by phonons – specific heat of solids Einstein theory-Debye's theory of lattice specific heat(derivation) – anharmonic effect.

MODULE IV MAGNETIC AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES                                                     9

Types of magnetic materials –Diamagnetism – Langevin's theory(derivation)- Paramagnetism – Hund’s rules – rare earth ions-iron group ions-crystal field splitting-Pauli paramagnetism- Ferromagnetism – domain theory - Curie-Weiss law (derivation)- antiferromagnetism - ferrites. Dielectric Polarization and polarizability- dielectric constant- types of polarization (qualitative) and dependence on frequency and temperature-local electric field in an atom-ClausiusMossottirelation(derivation) -Piezo, pyro and ferroelectric properties of crystals.

MODULE V SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES                                     9

Properties of superconductor – critical magnetic field – Meissner effect (derivation) – Type I and Type II super conductors – superfludidty – entropy, heat capacity and energy gap of superconductor-quantum tunneling - London equations (derivation) –coherence length - BCS theory –RVB theory – theory of AC and DC Josephson effect – flux quantizationSQUID. Traps – Excitons – coloration of crystals - types of colour centers - Luminescence: fluorescence and phosphorescence

 L – 45; TOTAL HOURS –45

REFERENCES: 1. Kittel. C, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th edition, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 2004.

2. Pillai. S.O, Solid State Physics, New Age International, New Delhi, 2009.

3. Blakemore. J. S, Solid State Physics, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985.

4. Philip Hofmann, Solid State Physics, 1st edition, Wiley-VCH Publishers, 2011.

5. Wahab. A, Solid State Physics: Structure and Properties of Materials , Alpha Science International Ltd; 2nd Revised edition,2005

6. Raghavan.V, Materials science and Engineering: a first course, PHI Learning 5th Ed, 2004

7. Kashab S.O, Principles of Electrical Engineering Materials and Devices, McGraw Hill Int National publishers, 2000