Solid State Physics (SSP)

SOLID STATE PHYSICS MODULE I CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND BONDING General Description of Crystal Structures – Bravais lattices- Wigner Seitz cellCubic Structures: NaCl, CsCl, Diamond, Zincblende - HCP structures - Miller Indices-crystal directions - zones in crystals- interplanar distance (derivation) - The Reciprocal Lattice and its construction-Quasi crystals -Force between atoms cohesive energy ( derivation)- bonding in solids - binding energy of ionic crystals(derivation)-Madelung constant – Born Haber cycle. MODULE II TRANSPORT PROPERTIES AND BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS Free electron theory (Sommerfeld theory) – Fermi level-Fermi distribution function -electronic specific heat- electrical and thermal conductivity of metals Wiedemann Franz law (derivation)- Schroedinger wave equation- electron motion in periodic potential – Bloch’s theorem – Kronig Penney model (derivation) - band theory of solids - Brillouin zone - Effective mass of electron and concept of hole- Fermi surface in metals and its characteristics – experimental determination of Fermi surface by De Haas van Alphen effect MODULE III PHONONS : CRYSTAL VIBRATIONS AND THERMAL PROPERTIES Vibrations of crystals with monoatomic lattice- dispersion relation (derivation) - Vibrations of crystals with diatomiclattice - dispersion relation (derivation)– optical and acoustical modes – number of normal modes of vibrations - Phonon momentum- inelastic scattering of photons by phonons – specific heat of solids- Einstein theory-Debye's theory of lattice specific heat(derivation) - anharmonic effects. MODULE IV MAGNETIC AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES Types of magnetic materials –Diamagnetism – Langevin's theory(derivation)- Paramagnetism – Hund’s rules – rare earth ions-iron group ions-crystal field splitting-Pauli paramagnetism- Ferromagnetism – domain theory - Curie-Weiss law (derivation)- antiferromagnetism - ferrites. Dielectric Polarization and polarizability- dielectric constant- types of polarization (qualitative) and dependence on frequency and temperature-local electric field in an atom- ClausiusMossottirelation(derivation) -Piezo, pyro and ferroelectric properties of crystals. MODULE V SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES Properties of superconductor – critical magnetic field – Meissner effect (derivation) – Type I and Type II super conductors – superfludidty – entropy, heat capacity and energy gap of superconductor-quantum tunneling - London equations (derivation) –coherence length - BCS theory –RVB theory – theory of AC and DC Josephson effect – flux quantization- SQUID. Traps – Excitons – coloration of crystals - types of colour centers - Luminescence: fluorescence and phosphorescence